Author (s) : DOI : 10.32692/IJDI-ERET/9.1.2020.2001

---

1). Ms. Lim, Ching Sia, University of Mississippi, Oxford
2). Maharshi Dave, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
3). Dr. Jagdish Prasad Sharma, University of Mississippi, Oxford
4). Dr. Tyrus A. McCarty, University of Mississippi, Oxford

Abstract :

---

Muscular and Skeleton systems are the key elements for strength, support and locomotion of human system. Shank, a part of the human leg, not only supports body weight but provide locomotion at the time of walking and running. This part may be considered as an assembly of several mechanical springs, mass and damping elements. The mode of vibration and stability will depend upon the spring stiffness, damping coefficient and their arrangements in muscular and skeletal system. The modeling and analysis of this system has assumed that there are four stages of growth to tackle stability. The first stage (0-1 years) is formation stage where the bone forms from the cartilage to gain stiffness and damping. The second stage (1-20 years) when the system is getting stabilized and considered more stable, because of balance between stiffness and damping of the muscles and bone. The value for damping starts decreasing in the third stage (20 to 65 years) leaving stiffness alone to stand the locomotion at later years. The fourth stage (65 to 90 + years) relates to old age, in which both the damping coefficient and stiffness start deteriorating, causing considerable instability. The stability analysis is carried out with the mean values taken in these four stages to show how the system changed from one stage to another. A linear model is considered for simple analysis that shows that stiffness rate increases and damping decreases with the increasing age. This often takes place after the second stage. The Simulation Program with integrated Circuit Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Examples (SPICE) is used for discussion of these results.

---

Author (s) : DOI : 10.32692/IJDI-ERET/9.1.2020.2002

---

1). Dr. J. Kingston Barnabas, Anjalai Ammal Mahalingam Engineering College, Kovilvenni, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract :

---

The design of leaf spring is the one of the important unit in automotive design. Present day, automobile industries have shown an interest to reduce the weight of vehicle components as people are showing interest to have the vehicle with very good mileage. The objective of this present work is to compare the deformation of modified model of leaf spring with conventional leaf spring. Modeling of Leaf Spring is performed with SOLIDWORKS and structural analysis of the leaf spring is carried out using ANSYS 18.1.The light commercial vehicle (TATA ACE) leaf spring is taken for the analysis. In this work, it is decided to vary various design parameters of the leaf spring and to analyze the effects of those parameters in deformation. The various parameters selected are materials, number of leaves and length of leaves. Each parameter is varied to three levels. As per L9 orthogonal array, the maximum deformation in the leaf spring is obtained from ANSYS analysis for nine test conditions. The best levels of selected leaf spring parameters for minimizing deformation is identified by using Taguchi’s Design of Experiments. Analysis of Variance is used to analyze the influence of selected parameters on deformation of leaf spring.

---

Author (s) : DOI : 10.32692/IJDI-ERET/9.1.2020.2003

---

1). R. S. Fono-Tamo, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Lae, Morobe, Papua New Guinea

Abstract :

---

Surfaces of magnesium metal composites (MMC) with fly ash (FA) particles embedment processed through friction stir processing (FSP) was subjected to friction and roughness test. The friction stir processing development was done with 3 passes at 1200 rpm. The investigation was conducted via a profilometer dotted with a diamond stylus at a speed of 0.2 mm/s for the surface roughness test. The sliding friction test was carried out using a pin-on-disk tribometer under varying load condition. The coefficient of friction (COF) was investigated under 1 and 10 N loads at a constant speed at 70% humidity. A digital Vickers Hardness tester helped find the hardness at various locations of the processed surface. The determined surface roughness parameters are Ra = 3.21µm, Rz = 18.47 µm and Rmax = 22.45µm. There is a regular increase in hardness from the beginning to the end of the process with average values as 69.34, 71.44 and 74.03 for the beginning, middle and end of the work piece respectively. The coefficient of friction varies considerably with the applied load. For each load, there is a fluctuation at the early stage of the experiment before a seeming stability of the coefficient of friction is observed. The derived COF are 0.82925 and 0.27459 for 1 and 10 N loads respectively. It is shown that including fly ash particles into magnesium substrate affects the initial structure of the based metal.

---

Author (s) : DOI : 10.32692/IJDI-ERET/9.1.2020.2004

---

1). V. Sudha, Pavai College of Technology, Pachal, Tamilnadu, India
2). T. R.Ganesh Babu, Muthayammal Engineering College, Namakkal
3). R. Raja, Muthayammal Engineering College, Namakkal

Abstract :

---

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a disease that occurs in the eye which results in blindness as it passes to proliferative stage. Diabetes can significantly result in symptoms like blurring of vision, kidney failure, nervous damage. Hence it has become necessary to identify retinal damage that occurs in diabetic eye due to raised glucose level in its initial stage itself. Hence automated detection of anamoly has become very essential. The appearance of crimson and yellow lesions is considered as the earliest symptoms of DR are called as hemorrhages and exudates. If DR is analysed at initial stage , blindness does not occur. The damage in retina can hinder the light that passes through nerves of the eye leading to visual loss. The motivation behind this research is to reduce the number of false positives by accurate detection which is possible using proposed fuzzy system based on ANN. Though several classifiers are available to detect the exudates this paper makes analysis of support vector machine using radial basis kernel function with proposed ANN technique. Also, adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system segmentation is performed after feature extraction technique, which makes classifer to outperform. The evaluation results showed that proposed artificial neural network based on fuzzy approach attained significant results compared to other classifiers. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has significant accuracy of 94% and minimum error rate has been observed.

---

Author (s) : DOI : 10.32692/IJDI-ERET/9.1.2020.2005

---

1). S. Udenze, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Gwagwalada, NIGERIA
2). O. S. Bode, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada

Abstract :

---

The social media has dictated and transformed varying aspects of human endeavors in society. Sharenting entails the dissemination or sharing of pictures of children on social media by parents. The study investigates the reason for this trend; and further ascertains the type of pictures of children's parents share on WhatsApp and Facebook. The study adopts netnography as the methodology for exploring the trend of sharenting, and the sample size is 20 parents (both mother and father). This was achieved through snowballing, a non-probability sampling method. Findings from the study may likely reveal that mothers sharent more than fathers. The discoveries may further show that parents share photos of good times more often than other kinds of photos. The study recommends that parents should be privacy-conscious when sharing photos of their children online. Also, social media platforms should formulate a check-list that must be checked by parents before sharenting.

---

Author (s) : DOI : 10.32692/IJDI-ERET/9.1.2020.2006

---

1). Dr. Kanagasabai Lenin, Prasad V.Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Kanuru, Aandhra Pradesh, India

Abstract :

---

In this work Chaotic Krill Herd (CKH) algorithm is utilized to solve the optimal reactive power problem. Herd behaviour deeds of the Krill individuals are imitated to formulate the algorithm. Key task for the Krill movement is the least distance of each individual Krill from food to the maximum concentration of the herd. Based on the persuaded movement of other Krill’s, foraging movement and substantial propagation the location of every krill in a time period is depended. Chaos theory and the logistic chaotic mapping are used in substantial propagation to improve the search ability of the proposed algorithm. Proposed Chaotic Krill Herd (CKH) algorithm has been validated in IEEE 57, 300 test systems. Real Power Loss is reduced considerably when compared to other standard algorithms.

---